Which lists the stages of mitosis in the correct order

The daughter cells now begin their own cellular process and may repeat the mitosis process themselves depending on what they become. Almost 80 percent of a cell's lifespan is spent in the interphase, which is the stage between mitotic cycles. During interphase , no division takes place, but the cell undergoes a period of growth and prepares itself for division. Cells contain many proteins and structures called organelles that must replicate in preparation for doubling. A chromosome is a DNA molecule that carries all or part of the hereditary information of an organism.

Interphase itself is split into different phases: G1 phase , S phase and G2 phase. G1 phase is the period prior to the synthesis of DNA, during which the cell increases in size. During the G1 phases, cells grow and monitor their environment to determine whether they should initiate another round of cell division. During the narrow S phase, DNA is synthesized. This is followed by the G2 phase, when the cell synthesizes proteins and continues to get bigger.

During the G2 phase, cells check to make sure DNA replication has successfully completed, and make any necessary repairs. Not all scientists class interphase as a stage of mitosis because it is not an active stage. However, this preparatory stage is essential before any actual cell division takes place. Prokaryotic cells , such as bacteria, go through a type of cell division known as binary fission. This involves replication of the cell's chromosomes, segregation of the copied DNA and splitting of the parent cell's cytoplasm.

Binary fission creates two new cells that are identical to the original cell. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells may divide via either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis is more common process, because only sexually reproducing eukaryotic cells can go through meiosis.

All eukaryotic cells, whatever their size or cell number, can go through mitosis. Cells of a living organism that are not reproductive cells are called somatic cells, and are important for the survival of eukaryotic organisms. It is vital that somatic parent and offspring daughter cells do not differ from one another. Cells divide during mitosis, producing diploid cells cells that are identical to each other and the parent cell.

Human beings are diploid, meaning they have two copies of each chromosome. They inherit one copy of each chromosome from their mother, and one copy of each from their father. Mitosis is used for growth, repair and asexual reproduction. Meiosis is another type of cell division, but cells produced during meiosis are different from those produced during mitosis. Meiosis is used to produce male and female gametes, cells with half the normal number of chromosomes, which are only used for sexual reproduction.

A human body cell contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. The gametes are sperm or eggs, and only contain 23 chromosomes. This is why meiosis is sometimes called reduction division. Meiosis produces four daughter cells. These are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. When sex cells unite during fertilization, these haploid cells become a diploid cell.

Find out more details about the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis in cell growth and sexual reproduction. All organisms must produce genetically identical daughter cells. Single-celled organisms do this to reproduce. Each of the produced cells is a separate organism. Multicellular organisms divide cells for three reasons : growth, repair and replacement. Multicellular organisms can grow in two ways — by increasing the size of their cells or increasing the number of cells.

The mitotic spindle, consisting of the microtubules and other proteins, extends across the cell between the centrioles as they move to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase: The chromosomes line up neatly end-to-end along the centre equator of the cell. The centrioles are now at opposite poles of the cell with the mitotic spindle fibres extending from them. The mitotic spindle fibres attach to each of the sister chromatids. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are then pulled apart by the mitotic spindle which pulls one chromatid to one pole and the other chromatid to the opposite pole.

Telophase: At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together. A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei. The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus.

This process is known as cytokinesis. Related Content:. What is a stem cell? What is a cell? What is DNA? What is a chromosome? What is a genetic disorder? What is meiosis? Mitosis versus meiosis. How helpful was this page? The daughter cells that result from this process have identical genetic compositions. Cheeseman, I. Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 9 , 33—46 doi Cremer, T.

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Walther Flemming: Pioneer of mitosis research. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2 , 72—75 doi Satzinger, H. Theodor and Marcella Boveri: Chromosomes and cytoplasm in heredity and development.

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Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination. Sex Chromosomes in Mammals: X Inactivation. Sex Determination in Honeybees. Citation: O'Connor, C. Nature Education 1 1 The five phases of mitosis and cell division tightly coordinate the movements of hundreds of proteins. How did early biologists unravel this complex dance of chromosomes?

Aa Aa Aa. Mitosis Occupies a Portion of the Cell Cycle. Figure 2. Figure 1. Figure Detail. Figure 3. Ascaris megalocephala bivalens, as drawn by Boveri in The figure shows chromosomes in the middle of the dividing cell, as well as the spindle, two centrosomes, and two centrioles within each centrosome.

Note that the cytoplasm is perceived as being structured. Figure 6. Figure 5.